Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

JANUARY-FEBRUARY2026 13 images. “We immediately saw atell- tale pinch in the gravitational arc,” said Professor John McKean, lead author of the paper presenting the beautiful gravitational lensing image. “Only a small clump ofmass— an otherwise invisible dark object— could account for this anomaly in the lensing arc.” The newlycharacterizedobjectisunde- tectable in infrared or radio wave- lengths and was found nearly 10 billionlight-yearsfromEarth,about 6.5billionyearsaftertheBigBang. Its detection was made possible by the gravitational imaging method, which sensitively maps how light frombackgroundsourcesisbentby otherwise invisible mass. Themassconcentration,labeled“V” in the study, has a cylindrical mass of 1.13 billion solar masses within an 80-parsec radius. This is a level of precision and distance never achieved before for objects this small and dim. “Finding dark mat- terclumpslikethisisacriticaltest ofourunderstandingofhowgalax- ies form,” said Dr. Devon Powell (Max Planck Institute for Astro- physics), lead author of the com- panionpaperin NatureAstronomy . “The discovery fits beautifully with the number of dark objects we ex- pected to find, but every new de- tection helps refine or challenge our theories.” To achieve this, the team developed advanced compu- tational algorithms and harnessed supercomputers to process and model vast datasets. “We expect every galaxy, including our own Milky Way, to be filled with dark matter clumps, but finding them andconvincingthecommunitythat they exist requires a great deal of numbercrunching,” saidDr.Simona Vegetti (Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics). Their approach will allow astronomers to probe the structureofdarkmatteracrosscos- mic time, opening the door to dis- covering more such objects and examining whether current theo- ries about galaxy formation stand up to scrutiny. The observations fur- ther highlight the power of assem- blingradiotelescopesworldwideto pushthelimitsofsensitivityandan- gular resolution. The NSF GBT and NSF VLBA, both operated by the NSF NRAO under cooperative agreement by Associ- ated Universities, Inc., played cru- cial roles in this historic discovery. As the team continues to survey additional lensing systems, any fu- ture findings will help determine whethertheabundanceandnature ofthesedarkobjectsareconsistent withthefundamentaltheoriesgov- erningourUniverse.  أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻬـﺎ 1.13 ﻣﻠﻴـﺎر ﻣـﺮة ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ 80 ﺎً ﻓﺮﺳﺨ ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺎً وﻳﻌﺪ ﻫ ﺬا ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ وا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻟـﻢ ﻳ ﺤﻘـﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﻟﻸﺟـﺮام اﻟﺼـﻐ ة واﻟﺨﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺸﻜﻞ . ﻗﺎل اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر دﻳﻔ ﻮن ﺑـﺎول ) ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻣـﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻼﻧـﻚ ﻟﻠ ( ﻔﻠـﻚ ا ﺆﻟـﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴـ ـ ﴘ ﻟﻠﻮرﻗـﺔ ا ﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻧﻴﺘﴩ اﺳﱰوﻧﻮﻣﻲ " : إن اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎت ا ﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫـﺬه ﻳﻌﺪ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اً ﺎً ﺣﺎﺳﻤ ﻟﻔﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻜـﻮّن ا ﺠـﺮات « . وأﺿـﺎف :» ﻳﺘﻮاﻓـﻖ ا ﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪد اﻷ ا ﺟﺮام ﻈﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﻞ رﺻـﺪ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ ﺗﺤﺴ أو ﺗﺤـﺪي ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺗﻨـﺎ « . وﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ذﻟﻚ ﻃـﻮر اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴـﺎت ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣـﺔ واﺳـﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺤﻮاﺳـﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻼ ﻗ ـﺔ ﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ وﻧﻤﺬﺟـﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺎت ﺿـﺨﻤﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت . وﻗﺎﻟـﺖ اﻟـﺪﻛﺘﻮرة ﺳـﻴﻤﻮﻧﺎ ﻓﻴﺠﻴﺘـﻲ ) ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻣـﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻼﻧـﻚ ﻟﻠﻔﻠﻚ :(» ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﺌـ ﺔ ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻌـﺎت ا ﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺜـﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ وإﻗﻨـﺎع ا ﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮدﻫﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻛﺜ اً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت ا ﻌﻘﺪة واﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ «. إن ﻧﻬﺠﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ دراﺳﺔ ﺑﻨﻴـﺔ ا ـﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ ﻋـﱪ اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎب أﻣﺎم اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ا ﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ وﻓﺤـﺺ ﻣـﺪى ﺻـﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ ا ﺠـﺮات ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺗـ اﻷرﺻـﺎد ﱪز ﻗـﻮة ﺟﻤـﻊ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻢ ﻟـﺪﻓ ﻊ ﺣﺪود اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ . ﻟ ﻘﺪ ﻟﻌﺐ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻏﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ وﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋـﺪة اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠـﺔ ﺟـﺪاً اﻟﻠـﺬان ﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺸـﻐ ﻳ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﺻـﺪ اﻟﺮادﻳـﻮي اﻟﻔﻠﻜـﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺆ ﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﺿـﻤﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺎون ﻣـﻊ ﻣﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌـﺎت ا ﺘﺤــﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴــﺔ اً دور ﺎً ﺣﻴﻮﻳــ ﰲ ﻫــﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف وﻣ ﻊ اﺳـﺘﻤﺮار اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﺑ ﻤﺴـﺢ أ ﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﺪﺳﺎت أﺧﺮى ﺔ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴ ﻣﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗـﻊ أ ﻻ ا ن ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ا ﰲ ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ وﻓﺮة وﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ واﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺪى ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 13 ﻈﻬـــﺮ ـ اﻟـــ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺴـــﻮداء واﻟﻨﻘﻄـــﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ـــﺔ ﺻـــﻮرة ﺎﻷﺷـــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــﺖ اﻟـــ ـ ﻤﺮاء ﻟﻤﺠـــﺮة ﻌ ﺪة ﻣﺸﻮ ﻫﺔ ﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺟﺎذﺑ ﺔ . وﺗﺸ اﻷﻟﻮان اﻟ ﻘـﺎﻟﻲ / اﻷ ﻤـﺮ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺟـﺎت ـﺔ اﻟﻤﻨ ﻌﺜــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﻧﻔـﺲ اﻟــ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ـﺠﺮم و. ﻈﻬـﺮاﻟﻤﺮ ـﻊ اﻟﻤﺼـﻐﺮاﻧﺤﻨــﺎءً ﻧﺎ ﻤـ ﺎً ﻋــﻦ ﻋﺪﺳــﺔ ﺟﺎذﺑ ﺔ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ أﺧﺮى أﺻﻐﺮ ﻜﺜ ) اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺒ ﻀﺎء ( [D. M. Powell, J. P. McKean et al.] ﻗﺎل اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﺟﻮن ﻣﻜ ا ﺆﻟـﻒ اﻟـ ـ ﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﻠﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺻـﻮرة ﺳـﺔ ﻋﺪ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠـﺔ :» رأﻳﻨـﺎ ﻓـﻮر اً اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿـ ﺎً اً ﻣﻤﻴ ـﺰ ﰲ اﻟﻘ ـﻮس اﻟﺠـ و ﺬﺑﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜ ـﻦ أن ـﻳﻔ ﴪ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺸـﺬوذ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﻮس إﻻ ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﺻﻐ ة ﺑﺠﺮم ﻣﻈﻠﻢ آﺧﺮ ﻏ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ « . اﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺜ ﺎً ﻏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺻﺪ ﰲ أﻃﻮال ا ﻮﺟﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـ ﺮاء أو اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳـﺔ وﻗﺪ وُﺟﺪ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻘﺎرب ١٠ ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض، أي ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮاﱄ ٦.٥ ﻣﻠﻴﺎر وﻗﺪ و ﺟﺪ ﻋﲆ ﺑُ ﻌﺪ ﻳﻘﺎرب 10 ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض أي ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮاﱄ 6.5 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ وﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ اﻟﺘﺼ ﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺠـ ﺬﺑﻲ ﻫـﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﻣﻤﻜﻨـﺎً ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻮم ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ ﺑﺨﺮﻳﻄـﺔ دﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻧﺤﻨﺎء اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﻘﺎدم ﻣـﻦ ا ﺼـﺎدر اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﻏ ا ﺮﺋﻴﺔ . ﺗﱰﻛﺰ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ا ﺴـﻤ "ﺎة V" ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ﰲ أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻬـﺎ ١.١٣ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎر ﻣـﺮة ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ٨٠ ﻓﺮﺳﺨًﺎ - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 6